Designing Efficient Business Processes in the Metaverse with EffABPMN2MV: A Model-Driven Framework for Collaborative Software Design, AI-Driven Documentation, and Stakeholder Rights Management

Authors

    Masoud Rezaei Department of Computer Engineering, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
    Abbas Mirzaei * Department of Computer Engineering, Ard.C., Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran a.mirzaei@iau.ac.ir
    Babak Nouri-Moghaddam Department of Computer Engineering, Ard.C., Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
    Ramin Karimi Department of Computer Engineering, Sh. Q.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran
    Rahman AliMohammadzadeh Department of Computer Engineering, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Keywords:

EffABPMN2MV, BPMN 2, Metaverse, Blockchain, Collaborative software design

Abstract

Business process management (BPM) faces three persistent structural challenges: (1) the exclusion of non-technical stakeholders from process design due to the complexity of BPMN 2.0 notation; (2) the fragmentation among requirements engineering, user interface design, and process modeling; and (3) the absence of a transparent mechanism for managing stakeholder intellectual property (IP) rights. This paper introduces EffABPMN2MV — a ten-layer collaborative design ecosystem operating within an immersive metaverse environment. The framework comprises three integrated components: (i) EffABPMN2MV-ML, a modeling language that maps metaverse UI interactions to BPMN 2.0 elements; (ii) EffABPMN2MV-Tools, a GPT-4-powered AI engine that automatically generates four standardized software deliverables; and (iii) EffABPMN2MV-SCB, a Hyperledger Fabric smart contract subsystem that immutably records stakeholder contributions and allocates LNT participation tokens. A controlled experiment with two parallel nine-member teams (Group A: EffABPMN2MV; Group B: Scrum) and an independent expert panel (n=15) was conducted using a banking loan application case study. EffABPMN2MV reduced documentation time by 58.3% (t=4.82, p<.001, Cohen's d=2.28), improved document quality by 21.4% (d=1.65), enhanced stakeholder experience (d=2.27), and raised legal transparency from 2.58 to 4.61 out of 5.0 (d=3.47). All effects were statistically significant (p<.001) with large effect sizes (d>1.0). EffABPMN2MV represents a theoretically grounded and empirically validated contribution to BPM, collaborative software design, and blockchain-enabled information systems.

References

Adeli, O. A., & Maleki, M. H. (2026). A Framework for Identifying and Analyzing Drivers affecting the Future of Smart Contracts in the Banking Industry. Islamic Economics and Banking, 14(50), 261-287.

Androulaki, E., Barger, A., Bortnikov, V., Cachin, C., Christidis, K., De Caro, A., & Yellick, J. (2018). Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System for Permissioned Blockchains. Proceedings of EuroSys '18,

Asllani, A. (2024). Artificial Intelligence for the Generation and Validation of BPMN Diagrams [Unpublished master's thesis, Polytechnic University of Turin]. Turin, Italy.

Casino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., & Patsakis, C. (2019). A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain-Based Applications: Current Status, Classification and Open Issues. Telematics and Informatics, 36, 55-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006

Chinosi, M., & Trombetta, A. (2012). BPMN: An Introduction to the Standard. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 34(1), 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2011.06.002

Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J., & Reijers, H. A. (2018). Fundamentals of Business Process Management (2nd ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56509-4

Gandhi, M., Rinta-Kahila, T., Penttinen, E., & Lyytinen, K. (2024). Creating User Experiences in the Metaverse: A Design Science Study. MIS quarterly, 48(1), 213-248.

Kopke, J., Meroni, G., & Salnitri, M. (2023). Designing Secure Business Processes for Blockchains with SecBPMN2BC. Future Generation Computer Systems, 141, 382-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.11.015

Latino, M. E., Menegoli, M., & De Serio, F. (2024). The Impact of the Metaverse for Business Model Innovation. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(2), 100467.

Lopez-Pintado, O., Dumas, M., Garcia-Banuelos, L., & Weber, I. (2019). Dynamic Role Binding in Blockchain-Based Collaborative Business Processes. Proceedings of Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE 2019),

Moody, D. (2009). The Physics of Notations: Toward a Scientific Basis for Constructing Visual Notations in Software Engineering. Ieee Transactions on Software Engineering, 35(6), 756-779.

Nakamoto, S. (2009). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

Object Management, G. (2014). Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) Version 2.0.2. https://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0.2

Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45-77.

Ru, Y. (2026). Navigating New Frontiers in Construction Disputes: Strategically Adopting Smart Contracts and Technology Assisted Review. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 18(2), 06525007. https://doi.org/10.1061/JLADAH.LADR-1304

Schmidt, D. C. (2006). Model-Driven Engineering. IEEE Computer, 39(2), 25-31.

Szabo, N. (1997). Formalizing and Securing Relationships on Public Networks. First Monday, 2(9). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v2i9.548

Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2023). A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 25(1), 319-352.

Weber, I., Xu, X., Riveret, R., Governatori, G., Ponomarev, A., & Mendling, J. (2016). Untrusted Business Process Monitoring and Execution Using Blockchain. Proceedings of Business Process Management (BPM 2016),

Weske, M. (2019). Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages, Architectures (3rd ed.). Springer.

Wikipedia, c. (2025). Smart Contract. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_contract

Yodaplus. (2025). When AI Agents Meet Smart Contracts: A New Era of Automation. https://yodaplus.com/blog/when-ai-agents-meet-smart-contracts-a-new-era-of-automation/

Yusuf, A., & Martinez, R. (2025). Smart Contracts and Legal Enforceability: Decoding the Political Philosophy of Code as Law. Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics, 4(2), 292-302.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-01

Submitted

2026-01-01

Revised

2026-01-17

Accepted

2026-02-02

How to Cite

Rezaei, M. ., Mirzaei, A., Nouri-Moghaddam, B. ., Karimi, R. ., & AliMohammadzadeh, R. . (2026). Designing Efficient Business Processes in the Metaverse with EffABPMN2MV: A Model-Driven Framework for Collaborative Software Design, AI-Driven Documentation, and Stakeholder Rights Management. Journal of Resource Management and Decision Engineering, 5(3), 1-16. https://www.journalrmde.com/index.php/jrmde/article/view/391

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

21-30 of 282

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.